> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ayugioh2003.gitbook.io/free-code-camp-practice/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ayugioh2003.gitbook.io/free-code-camp-practice/front-end-development-certification/html5-and-css/html5-and-css-31-40.md).

# HTML5 and CSS: 31-40

31 - Use HTML5 to Require a Field

* 使用這個 input required 屬性，使用者就不能以空白提交資料

```markup
<form action="/submit-cat-photo">
  <input type="text" placeholder="cat photo URL" required>
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>  
</form>
```

&#x20; Submit

32 - Create a Set of Radio Buttons

* radio button 單選按鈕
* 單選按鈕只是input輸入框的一種類型。
* 每一個單選按鈕都應該嵌套在它自己的label(標簽)元素中。
* 注意：所有關聯的單選按鈕應該使用相同的name屬性。
* 這一題我覺得怪怪的 orz

參考資料

* [Waypoint 35: Create a Set of Radio Buttons · Issue #1307 · FreeCodeCamp/FreeCodeCamp](https://github.com/FreeCodeCamp/freecodecamp/issues/1307)
* [Html: label (radio bottom) 小技巧 - Tsung's Blog](https://blog.longwin.com.tw/2005/04/html_label_radio_bottom/)
* [\[CSS3\] 用 CSS3 做表單 - 自訂單 / 多選框樣式 (一) | 男丁格爾's 脫殼玩](http://abgne.tw/css/apply-css3/css3-custom-radio-and-checkbox-button-style.html)

應該 `<label></label>` 像是單純顯示的文字，但和 `input` 又有點關係。看其他的範例，都是 label 裡面要再設定 for=""。因此我推測，如果將 input 放到 label 裡面 nesting，就可以省去這些設定

```markup
<form action="/submit-cat-photo">

    <label> <input type="radio" name="indoor-outdoor"/>indoor</label>
    <label><input type="radio" name="indoor-outdoor">outdoor</label>

  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
```

33 - Create a Set of Checkboxes

* 複選
* [Create a Set of Checkboxes | Free Code Camp](https://www.freecodecamp.com/challenges/create-a-set-of-checkboxes)
* [Create a Set of Checkboxes | FreeCodeCamp 中文社區](https://freecodecamp.cn/challenges/create-a-set-of-checkboxes)

```markup
<form action="/submit-cat-photo">
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="personality"> 內向</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="personality"> 外向</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="personality"> 神經</label>
  <input type="text" placeholder="cat photo URL" required>
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
```

34 - Check Radio Buttons and Checkboxes by Default

* 在 input 新增 checked 屬性，就會默認被選中

  ```markup
  <form action="/submit-cat-photo">
  <label><input type="radio" name="indoor-outdoor" checked> Indoor</label>
  <label><input type="radio" name="indoor-outdoor"> Outdoor</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="personality" checked> Loving</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="personality"> Lazy</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="personality"> Energetic</label>
  <input type="text" placeholder="cat photo URL" required>
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
  </form>
  ```

35 - Nest Many Elements within a Single Div Element

* div 竟然這麼後面才提到 @@
* 主要用途是，包裹內容用的容器，方便之後排版

```markup
<div>
  <p>Things cats love:</p>
  <ul>
    <li>cat nip</li>
    <li>laser pointers</li>
    <li>lasagna</li>
  </ul>
  <p>Top 3 things cats hate:</p>
  <ol>
    <li>flea treatment</li>
    <li>thunder</li>
    <li>other cats</li>
  </ol>
</div>
```

36 - Give a Background Color to a Div Element

```markup
<style>
  .silver-background {
    background-color: silver;
  }
</style>

<div class="silver-background">
  <p >Things cats love:</p>
  <ul>
    <li>cat nip</li>
    <li>laser pointers</li>
    <li>lasagna</li>
  </ul>
  <p>Top 3 things cats hate:</p>
  <ol>
    <li>flea treatment</li>
    <li>thunder</li>
    <li>other cats</li>
  </ol>
</div>
```

37 - Set the ID of an Element

* id 在 html 元素中是唯一的
* `<h2 id="cat-photo-form">`

38 - Use an ID Attribute to Style an Element

* id 竟然這麼後面才說

```markup
<style>
  #cat-photo-form {
    background-color: green;
  }
</style>  

<h2 id="cat-photo-form">
```

39 - Adjusting the Padding of an Element

* padding 內邊距
* border 邊框
* margin 外邊距

```markup
<style>
  .green-box {
    background-color: green;
    padding: 20px;
  }
</style>
```

40 - Adjust the Margin of an Element

```markup
<style>
  .injected-text {
    margin-bottom: -25px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .box {
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: black;
    border-width: 5px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .yellow-box {
    background-color: yellow;
    padding: 10px;
  }

  .red-box {
    background-color: red;
    padding: 20px;
    margin: 20px;
  }

  .green-box {
    background-color: green;
    padding: 20px;
    margin: 20px;
  }
</style>
<h5 class="injected-text">margin</h5>

<div class="box yellow-box">
  <h5 class="box red-box">padding</h5>
  <h5 class="box green-box">padding</h5>
</div>
```

&#x20;.injected-text { margin-bottom: -25px; text-align: center; }

.box { border-style: solid; border-color: black; border-width: 5px; text-align: center; }

.yellow-box { background-color: yellow; padding: 10px; }

.red-box { background-color: red; padding: 20px; margin: 20px; }

.green-box { background-color: green; padding: 20px; margin: 20px; } \</style>

## margin

## padding

## padding